Medical calculators

Winter's Formula

Expected pCO₂

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How it is calculated

Winter's formula: expected pCO₂ = 1.5 x HCO₃ + 8 (±2). Compensation is never complete and never overshoots - if the measured value falls outside this range, a SECOND acid-base disorder is present.

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The pCO2 you should expect if respiratory compensation for a metabolic acidosis is appropriate. A different value means a second disorder.

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